Large Volume Liposuction: Is it safe?

Numerous studies were published regarding the safety of large volume liposuction.  However, this procedure is safe if performed in the right setting:  performed by a plastic surgeon; anesthesia administered by an anesthesiologist; procedure performed in the hospital; and performed on a patient that is a good surgical candidate,

Before and After Photos of Liposuction performed by Dr. Emmanuel De La Cruz MD.

A retrospective study conducted by Dr. Rohrich revealed "no episodes of pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure exacerbation, or other major complications."

Reference:

Rohrich et al. Fluid resuscitation in liposuction: a retrospective review of 89 consecutive patients. Plastic Reconstrive Surgery. 2006 Feb;117(2):431-5.

Treatment of Biopolymer/Hydrogel Buttock Injections

Recently, there had been numerous cases of the use of industrial grade products injected into the body, such as the buttocks and thighs, performed by unlicensed or unskilled practitioners.  Some of these products range from injectable silicone or high-volume hyaluronic acid or hydrogel. Even though some of these products, such as silicone, may be biologically inert, these materials have been implicated in a variety of adverse reactions including granulomas, disfiguring nodules, and lymphedema, sometimes with latent periods of decades.  Often, they may cause disfiguring chronic infections that may require intravenous antibiotics or extensive surgical debridement.  

There had been a few cases that the chronic infections  resulting from illegally injected industrial grade products into the lower extremities, such as the legs, resulted in amputations as a life-saving procedure.  

Figure 1:  Chronic infection from an Biopolymer injections into the buttocks and thighs performed by an unlicensed and unskilled practitioner. 

Clinical Manifestations & Symptoms

• Chronic infection, such as cellulitis, that are recurrent despite antibiotics
• Firmess or hardening of the area of injections
• Chronic pain, such as buttock pain
• Numbness sensation of the area of injection
• Discoloration of the skin of the area of injection

Clinical Management

• We recommend obtaining an MRI of the area of injection to determine the extent of injection as well as the area where the material has potentially migrated.  The MRI would act as a map to determine where your surgeon would remove the biopolymer.

Treatment

• The treatment varies from patient to patient.  This may range from surgical excision, to hyaluronidase injection followed by VASER liposuction and fat transfer into the area to correct the resultant deformity.  Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely remove the biopolymer and not result in a significant deformity of the area involved.  Complete removal, such as surgical excision, may result in a life-changing deformity.  

Figure 2:  Hydrogel/Biopolymer removal from the buttocks using the VASER Liposuction with fat transfer to the buttocks to correct the resulting deformity from removal of the biopolymer.  Patient had resolution of a chronic buttock pain after surgery.

I recommend seeing a plastic surgeon for evaluation and possible removal of the biopolymer injected into one's body.  An MRI may be necessary to evaluate the location of the injected material.  Every person is different, and each treatment may be different.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon Houston, Texas

Keys to a Long-term Success in Liposuction

After liposuction, patient needs to have a realistic expectation to have a long-term succesful outcome.  There are 4 key elements to have a succesful outcome after liposuction:

1)Exercise - Exercising after liposuction is very important, especially after the initial surgery.  We encourage our patient to start exercising 2 to 4 weeks after their surgery.

2)Proper Diet - It is very important to eat a healthy diet consisting of fruits, vegetables and fish.  We recommend avoiding fatty food, drinking sodas, and eating excessively.  We recommend consulting with a nutritionist if one is having difficulty having a proper healthy diet.

3)Positive Lifestyle Changes

4)Succesful Body Contouring - It is important to choose the right surgeon who would perform your procedure.  Unfortunately, cosmetic surgery is unregulated here in the United States, and we recommend choosing a plastic surgeon who is trained in liposculpture surgery to perform your procedure.

Before & After Photos of VASER Liposuction (6 weeks after surgery) performed by Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC.

A clinical study conducted by Dr. Rohrich revealed that:

• "Among the 57 percent of patients who did not gain weight, 35 percent report exercising more postoperatively (compared with only 10 percent in the weight gain group, p = 0.002) and 50 percent report eating a healthier diet (22 percent in the weight gain group report eating a healthier diet, p = 0.002). "
• In the weight gain group, 67 percent report no change in their diet regimen and only 17 percent thought their productivity increased (compared with 25 percent among the no weight gain group, p = 0.002). Successful body contouring surgery requires a patient to embrace positive lifestyle habits. "

Thus, the long-term success of a liposuction procedure is dependent on having a healthy proper diet and exercise.  One can still gain weight after your liposuction procedure if one does not exercise and eat a healthy diet.

Reference: Rohrich, et al. The key to long-term success in liposuction: a guide for plastic surgeons and patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Dec;114(7):1945-52; discussion 1953.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Houston, Texas

SmartLipo versus Traditional Tumescent Liposuction - Houston, Texas

A previous randomized clinical trial comparing traditional tumescent liposuction and SmartLipo was performed, and this showed the following findings:

• Less post-operative pain with SmartLipo.
• Cytologic studies showed more damage of the adipocytes (fat cells) in SmartLipo.  Thus, fat harvested from SmartLipo is not suitable for fat grafting, such as in Brazilian Butt Lift.
• No major clinical differences found between SmartLipo versus Traditional Tumescent liposuction.
• Surgical time was longer with the SmartLipo group.
• Higher concentration of free fatty acids were found in the SmartLipo group.
• Lipocrit is lower in the SmartLipo group.

Lower Lipocrit Volume was obtained with the SmartLipo group as compared to the Traditional Tumescent Liposuction group.

In conclusion:  "No major clinical differences for suction-assisted lipoplasty versus laser-assisted lipoplasty were found. Higher concentrations of free-fatty acids after laser-assisted lipoplasty must alert us to possible hepatic and renal toxicity."

Reference:  Prado, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing laser-assisted lipoplasty with suction-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Sep 15;118(4):1032-45.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Houston, Texas

Reducing Risk of Contour/Skin Irregularities after Liposuction

Patients with poor skin elasticity should be forewarned about the risk for contour irregularities and suboptimal skin contraction. Similarly, pre-existing cellulite, indentations and scars may be present and will not be corrected with liposuction.  

How to Prevent Skin Contour Irregularities after Liposuction

• Intraoperatively, use of micro-cannulae and careful use of the criss-cross technique of liposuction are recommended to prevent waviness
• Using the VASER Liposuction machine may reduce the risk for contour irregularities

Using a smaller cannulae produces less skin contour irregularity as compared to a larger liposuction cannulae.

Before & After Correction of Skin Contour Irregularities.  Patient previously had traditional liposuction from another plastic surgeon and she developed skin contour irregularity.  Dr. De La Cruz performed the VASER liposuction of the thighs with fat transfer to correct the contour irregularity.

Before & After Correction of Skin Contour Irregularities (Frontal View).  Patient previously had traditional liposuction from another plastic surgeon and she developed skin contour irregularity.  Dr. De La Cruz performed the VASER liposuction of the thighs with fat transfer to correct the contour irregularity.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Tumescent Liposuction - Houston, Texas

What is Tumescent Liposuction?

• The word tumescent refers to anything that is swollen and firm. With tumescent liposuction, a large volume of very dilute solution of local anesthesia (lidocaine, bicarbonate and epinephrine) is injected into the fat beneath the skin, causing the targeted area to become swollen and firm. The local anesthetic lidocaine in the solution used for tumescent liposuction reduces the pain that one would experience after liposuction. The drug epinephrine (adrenalin) provides profound localized vasoconstriction that it reduces surgical bleeding during tumescent liposuction.

• Tumescent liposuction can be combined with other forms of liposuction such as in VASER liposuction.  In fact, the tumescent technique liposuction is essential for VASER liposuction to work since ultrasonic energy used in the VASER liposuction needs "water" to emulsify or liquefy the fat.  The fluid in the tumescent solution also prevents "skin burn injuries" from VASER liposuction.

Before & After Photos:  4D VASER Liposuction 6 weeks after surgery.  Procedure performed by Dr. De La Cruz

Benefits of Tumescent Liposuction

• Less blood is lost.

• Intravenous fluid replacement is not necessary.

• Bacteriostatic lidocaine may decrease the risk of infections.

• Tumescence magnifies defects; therefore, the likelihood of needing a secondary procedure may be less.

• Lipid-soluble lidocaine is somewhat suctioned out with the aspirated fat.

• Vasoconstriction minimizes absorption.

• The epinephrine may increase the cardiac output, which, in turn, hastens the hepatic metabolism of the lidocaine.

• The duration of anesthetic effect may last as long as 24 hours.

• The lidocaine may be given safely up to 45 mg/kg and even higher in certain conditions.

Does VASER Liposuction Employs Tumescent Liposuction Technique?

• It is standard of care to employ the tumescent liposuction technique in most liposuction methods, including the VASER liposelection/liposculpture.
• Infilitrating the area of fat with tumescent solution reduces the risk of burn injuries that may occur in VASER liposuction or Laser-assisted liposuction.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Abdominal Exercises to Maintain your 6-Pack after 4D VASER Liposuction

After your surgery, it is critical to maintain your new body with exercise and diet. Your results are optimized if you live a healthy lifestyle which includes exercise at least 3 days a week, and a healthy diet with minimal caloric intake.

Here's a video I recommend to maintain your 6-pack after the 4 D VASER liposuction.  Your results will be optimized when you do this exercise.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Fat Graft Harvested via VASER Liposuction is Viable and Suitable for Fat Transfer in Brazilian Butt Lift Patients

Although there's clinical evidence of successful autologous fat transfer (AFT), such as in Brazilian Butt Lift, using VASER liposuction is readily available, no study has quantified adipocyte viability using standardized methods until recently.

• The UAL system (VASER; Sound Surgical Technologies, Inc, Louisville, Colorado) was set at 60% amplitude in pulsed mode with vacuum aspiration of 15 in Hg or less.
• Laboratory analysis included free lipid volume, viability via lipolysis and propidium iodide staining, and cytological analysis, including cell surface protein examination and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
• The lipolysis assay revealed metabolically active adipocytes with a mean (SD) correlative viability of 85.1%
• Direct measures of acute viability via propidium iodide staining resulted in a mean (SD) viability measure of 88.7%
• Adipose tissue acquired via VASER liposuction is viable at harvest and isa suitable source for autologous fat grafts, especially for Brazilian Butt Lift.
• Adiposed-derived stem cells (fat for fat transfer) obtained via VASER liposuction were of equal quality when directly compared with the current gold standard harvest method according to a study conducted by Duscher.   "UAL- and SAL-derived samples demonstrated equivalent ASC yield and viability, and UAL ASCs were not impaired in their osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic differentiation capacity."

4D VASER Liposuction performed by Dr. Emmanuel De La Cruz of Houston, Texas

Reference:

Duscher, et al. Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction Does Not Compromise the Regenerative Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.  Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016 Feb;5(2):248-57. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0064. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

Schafer, et al.  Acute adipocyte viability after third-generation ultrasound-assisted liposuction. Aesthet Surg J. 2013 Jul;33(5):698-704. doi: 10.1177/1090820X13485239. Epub 2013 May 29.

Lymphatic Massage after Liposuction

One may notice a hardness or lumpiness to the areas treated with liposuction and/or with other body contouring procedures (such as fat injections for what is popularly known as the Brazilian Butt Lift).   This post-surgical lymphedema is caused by inflammation and trauma from the cannula (instrument that sucks out the fat) moving under the skin.  Channels are formed by the cannula that can fill up with fluid and the tissue also becomes swollen.  Manual Lymphatic Massage helps to move the fluid by gently pumping it back into the lymph vessels.  Reducing the swelling can reduce discomfort and may reduce contour irregularities after a   liposuction procedure.  Without Lymph Massage (LDT or MLD) the inflammation can evolve into fibrosis (a permanent hardening of the tissue) or a seroma ( pocket of serum) can form.  It is imperative that one should follow the post-operative protocol of your plastic surgeon to achieve the best possible results and avoid developing fibrosis and even possibly contour irreguarities.

Clinical studies have shown that lymphatic massage also improved the clinical outcome after a cryolipolysis procedure.   The study had shown that post-treatment manual massage resulted in a mean fat layer reduction was 68% greater in the massage side than in the non-massage side as measured by ultrasound at 2 months post-treatment.  At 4 months, mean fat layer reduction was 44% greater in the massage side.   Histological results showed no evidence of necrosis or fibrosis resulting from the massage.

I do NOT recommend receiving a general therapeutic, deep tissue or Swedish Massage in lieu of a lymphatic massage therapy after a liposuction procedure.

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon, Houston Texas

References:

Boey, et al.  Enhanced clinical outcome with manual massage following cryolipolysis treatment: a 4-month study of safety and efficacy.  Lasers Surg Med. 2014 Jan;46(1):20-6.

VASER Liposuction on Gynecomastia for Men

Gynecomastia describes a benign increase of the mammary gland in men.   This could range from a puffiness or localized button of tissue concentrated around the areola to marked, distinct enlargement of the breasts making the breasts looking feminine.  Gynecomastia or the so-called "man-boob" can be secondary to multiple causes such as marijuana usage; certain medications such as Pepcid/Tagamet/cardiac medications; testicular tumors; thyroid abnormalities; pre-pubertal enlargement, etc.  Most cases of gynaecomastia are benign and of cosmetic, rather than clinical, importance.  However, gynecomastia may cause local pain and tenderness, and this could occasionally be the result of a serious underlying illness or a medication, or be inherited.   Most cases of gynecomastia result from deficient androgen action or excessive estrogen action in the breast tissue.  In  pubertal gynecomastia, the breast enlargement may resolve spontaneously and thus may warrant observation for gynecomastia in children.

Before & After Photos of VASER Liposuction of the Breasts for treatment of Gynecomastia.  Note that the patient also underwent the 4D VASER Hi-Definition Liposuction.  Procedure performed by Dr. De La Cruz

When medical treatment fails, the surgical procedure is the treatment of choice.  Numerous surgical techniques exist for gynecomastia treatment.  This could range from using the VASER liposuction or ultrasonic liposuction to direct excision of gynecomastia.  Recent studies have shown that ultrasonic liposuction for the treatment of mild to moderate gynecomastia showed superior results over conventional liposuction methods.

A total of 219 patients (384 breasts) with a mean age of 29 years (range 12-74) were evaluated. UAL was utilised in 24% of breasts (47 patients, 91 breasts). Compared with conventional liposuction, UAL had significantly lower rates of intraoperative conversion to open excision (25% vs. 39%; p<0.05) and postoperative revision (2% vs. 19%; p<0.001) using Fisher's exact test. The haematoma rate for each technique was 1%.

Recently, subcutaneous mastectomy was compared with ultrasonic-liposuction for the treatment of gynecomastia.  The reoperation rates in the mastectomy group and liposuction group were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. There were no nipple/areola necrosis and scars in liposuction group.  The ultrasonic-liposuction treatment was associated with superior esthetic results and fewer complications.

The use of ultrasonic-assisted liposuction (UAL) combined with conventional liposuction and partial gland resection without skin excision is an option for moderate cases.  Although a wide range of surgical techniques have been described, the treatment of gynecomastia requires an individualized approach. 

Reference:

Song et al.  Surgical treatment of gynecomastia:  mastectomy compared to liposuction techniques.  Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Sep;73(3):275-8. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31827c7949.

Wong, et al.. Conventional versus ultrasound-assisted liposuction in gynecomastia surgery:  a 13-year review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2014 Jul;67(7):921-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.03.004. Epub 2014 Mar 21. 

Emmanuel De La Cruz MD, PLLC

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon

Houston, Texas

Smoked Salmon Phyllo Bites with Honey & Caviar Rosette

This is one of Dr. De La Cruz' recipe presented at the Texas Taste Teaser Celebrity Chef Competition.  Twenty six (26) celebrity and professional chefs participated in this competition. The recipe won "The Most Delicious" Chef Award by celebrity judges in Houston.  

Macaron By Patisse won the "People's Choice Award" and Dr. De La Cruz won the "Most Delicious" Chef Award at the Texas Taste Teaser Celebrity Chef Competition.

INGREDIENTS
8 ounces cream cheese, softened
1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
2 tablespoons dill
3 dashes of Worcesteshire sauce (Lea & Perrins')
8 ounces sliced smoked salmon 
2 tablespoons of sweetened butter
16 Oz Pegasus or Athens Fillo/Phyllo Dough  & Local Honey

DIRECTIONS
Combine the cream cheese, lemon juice, Worcesteshire sauce, butter, and dill in a bowl until completely blended.

On a piece of waxed paper, arrange the smoked salmon slices in a rectangle about 3 inches wide and 12 inches long, slightly overlapping each piece. (If the salmon slices are cut irregularly, simply piece them together like a puzzle.)

Spread a thin layer of the cream cheese mixture on the salmon, sprinkle with dill (optional), and roll up like a jellyroll.

Place the salmon roll with cream cheese in the freezer for 1 hour or prior to serving, then cut into 1/2-inch slices. Place each pinwheel atop the phyllo with honey inside the phyllo.   Place some caviar and garnish (parsley) on top of the salmon pinwheel.   

DIRECTIONS to MAKE PHYLLO SHELLS

Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. Spray a mini muffin tin with cooking spray. Get the phyllo dough ready by opening the thawed package and putting all of the sheets of dough on large clean cookie sheet. Cover the sheets of dough with a piece of waxed paper and then put a damp kitchen towel on top of the waxed paper. Melt your butter, grab your pastry brush and a pizza cutter or knife.  As an alternative, one can spray each phyllo dough with cooking spray.  When you are ready put one piece of phyllo dough on a large cutting board, cover the rest, and then carefully but quickly brush it with butter. Place another sheet on top and repeat until you have 5 sheets of dough total. Brush the top sheet with butter too.

Cut the phyllo dough into 12 rectangles (the sheets are rectangles, so cut the long side into 4 pieces and the short side into 3 pieces). Pick up one rectangle and push the center into the bottom of the muffin tin holes. Press on the sides gently to make a cup. Repeat with the remaining dough pieces. Bake until they are light golden, about 8 minutes, being careful not to let them burn. Then remove the phyllo shells from the tray.  Sprinkle the phyllo shells with honey and then bake for another 1 to 2 minutes.  Cool completely before using.